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FSSAI issues amendment for use of stevia as Non Nutritive Sweetener in food
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Ashwani Maindola, New Delhi
November 30 , 2015
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Following the publishing of proposed amendment to food products
standards and food additives norms and Central government taking in to
consideration objections and suggestions received from the public, the
apex food regulator has issued Food Safety and Standards (Food Products
Standards and Food Additives) (Amendment) Regulations, 2015, with
respect to the sweetener steviol glycoside or stevia used in various
food products.
The FSSAI through this amendment has reframed the
regulations with respect to the usage of stevia, which was earlier
termed as artificial sweetener. Now steviol glycoside will be called as
non-nutritive sweetener. However, the FSSAI has also defined the
articles of food and the limits for use.
FSSAI (Food Safety and
Standards Authority of India) has proposed that in the regulation
relating to “artificial sweetener,” the word shall be replaced by - Use
of Non Nutritive Sweetener. According to the final draft, the
non-nutritive sweetener mentioned in column (2) of the able below may be
used only in the food articles mentioned in column (3) and in
quantities not exceeding the limits mentioned in column (4) and as per
the provisions contained in these regulations:
| Sl.No. | Name of
non-nutritive sweetener | Articles of food | Maximum level (mg/kg)
(steviol equivalent) | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | | 1 | Steviol Glycoside | Dairy-based drinks flavoured | 200 |
| Dairy-based desserts (ice cream, frozen desserts, cream toppings) | 330 |
| Yoghurt | 200 |
| Fruit nectars | 200 |
| Non-carbonated water- based
beverages (non-alcoholic) | 200 |
| Ice lollies or edible ice | 270 |
| Jams, jellies, marmalades | 360 |
| Ready-to-eat cereals | 350 |
| Carbonated water | 200 |
| Soft drink concentrate | 200 (in the final product after reconstitution) |
| Chewing gum | 3500 |
The
draft says provided further that steviol glycoside may be marketed as a
table top sweetener in tablet form powder and liquid which may contain
seven mg as steviol equivalent per 100 mg.
Steviol glycoside,
according to the definition put up by FSSAI, is a white to light yellow
powder, odourless or having a slight characteristic odour. About 200-300
times sweeter than sucrose. The product is obtained from the leaves of
stevia rebaudiana bertoni. The leaves are extracted with hot water and
the aqueous extract is passed through an adsorption resin to trap and
concentrate the component steviol glycosides. The resin is washed with a
solvent alcohol to release the glycosides and the product is
recrystallised from methanol or aqueous ethanol. Ion exchange resins may
be used in the purification process. The final product may be
spray-dried. Stevioside and rebaudioside A are the component glycosides
of principal interest for their sweetening property. Associated
glycosides include rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D,
rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, rubusoside and steviolbioside which are
generally present in preparations of steviol glycosides at levels lower
than stevioside or rebaudioside A.
Steviol glycoside—
Synonym INS No. 960
Chemical name Stevioside:13-[(2-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-ß glucopyranosyl)oxy] kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester
Rebaudioside
A:13-[(2-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]kaur-16-en-18-oic
acid, ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester
Empirical formula
Formula weight
Solubility
pH
Purity Total ash
Loss on drying
Residual solvents
Arsenic
Lead
Stevioside: C38H60O18
Rebaudioside A: C44H70O23
Stevioside: 804.88
Rebaudioside A: 967.03
Freely soluble in water Stevioside and rebaudioside A
The
main peak in the chromatogram obtained by following the procedure in
Method of Assay corresponds to either stevioside or rebaudioside A
Between 4.5 and 7.0 (1 in 100 solution)
Not more than per cent
Not more than 6 per cent (105°, 2h)
Not
more than 200 mg/kg methanol and not more than 5000 mg/kg ethanol
(Method I in Vol. 4, General Methods, Organic Components, Residual
Solvents)
Not more than 1 mg/kg Determine by the atomic absorption hydride technique [Use Method II to prepare the test (sample) solution]
Not more than 1 mg/kg
Determine
using an AAS/ICP-AES technique appropriate to the specified level. The
selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based
on the principles of the
methods described in Vol. 4 (under “General Methods, Metallic Impurities”)
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